Effectiveness of Different Leadership Styles

Effectiveness of Different Leadership Styles Table of Contents Executive report Introduction Rationale and objectives Background Methodology Analysis of the findings Conclusion Reference Works Cited Appendix Executive report This report is done to compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organizations, explain how organizational theory underpins the practice of management, and evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organizations. The purpose, problems and objectives of the research are outlined in the introduction as well as background information on both businesses. A methodology that explicitly tells how the researcher will go about conducting the research- methods and so on is also included. The research begins here in section two; the findings are analyzed and discussed. The objectives are restated then they are discussed, analyzed and evaluated respectively. A conclusion is also drawn from the whole report mainly giving a reminder of the issues that exist. Harvard style referencing is used to cite where some of the information and knowledge are obtain. Finally, there is an appendix which consists of an organizational chart for CDR. Introduction Rationale and objectives The importance of this research includes: Firstly, to afford the researcher the opportunity to assume major roles in leading a project. Secondly, allowing the researcher to assume management and administrative roles in order to attain knowledge, understanding and the skills of these areas. Third, to prepare and coordinate operational plans, display effective self-development and time management skills to satisfy an organization’s needs The objectives of the research are to: 2.1 Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organizations 2.2 Explain how organizational theory underpins the practice of management 2.3 Evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organizations Leadership Background Casa de Regalo is a nationwide partnership gift boutique established in 2009. It is located at Barbican Centre. They have ten dedicated and enthusiastic employees. Due to their unique tailor made products and services C.D.R is considered as the organization that satisfies seasonal giving needs. They specialize in a variety of unique merchandise ranging from specialty cards, flowers, toys and personalized printing services to specialty handcrafted gifts, jewelry, body essentials and customized apparel which are imported from your favorite places over the world. They also offer surprise delivery services. Providing exceptional customer service and customized products that are tailor-made to each customers personal style and also giving them the highest quality merchandises at an affordable price is our mission. We are aimed at making profit. KD consulting is a limited liability company established in 2008. It has twelve dedicated experts. We are a mobile company but our main office is located in Montego Bay. Our company provides a variety of services ranging from identify highest-value opportunities to addressing the most critical challenges and transforming enterprises. The trust and confidence in our capabilities that our clients are exposed to, is what differentiates us from other firms as well as our ability to enhance business performance, positively marketing them and ensuring their likelihood of making profit or achieving their goals. CDR is an international organization with the mission of providing expert advice and solutions for clients, therefore assisting small businesses to develop efficient plans for meeting their goals. Our aspiration strives through becoming the best consulting firm there is; providing quality service to all existing and start-up small businesses that seek our guidance. We also aim to be recognized as partner of choice by our clients and being technologically advanced in our fields of expertise while remaining practical and business oriented. Methodology The research is to design a management firm which is hired to assess a small business on behalf of an investor to help the company to explore the links between the organisation structure and culture and how these interact and influence the behaviour of the workforce. In order to assist the company secondary research will be conducted. Secondary data collection is published information that is already available from other sources. The internet will be my main source with its online dictionaries, articles, websites and books. This information collected from the secondary sources is pertinent to the objectives of the research. The researcher also used this type due to the fact that it is Inexpensive, information is easily accessible and immediately available and it will provide essential background to help to clarify or refine the research problem. The information accumulated is credible and is derived from the written work of authoritative individuals such as Jatin Vaid. The research began on February 9th and proceeded to February 26th. Data was collected from several sources from the online sources in order to obtain information related to the United Kingdom (UK) and local business organizations. . Analysis of the findings Compare and contrast different organizational structures and culture The structures There are three main types of structure. Product, matrix and functional Product Division Structure -These are popular among international companies with many products. Products that are similar are grouped under one product heading e.g. Perfumes and Cosmetics, each CEO focusing on a single product segment for its global market. Matrix Division Structure This tries simultaneously to deal with competing pressures for global integration and local responsiveness. Institutes overlaps among functional and divisional forms. It allows individual groups to share responsibility for new operations and enables them to exchange resources and information more Group willingly. Disadvantages includes: not championing their groups’ unique needs, therfore eliminate the multiple knowledge (Vaid, 2012). Functional Structure Specialized jobs are grouped according to traditional business functions. It is suitable for Company with a narrow product line, sharing similar technology. Highly efficient and assist in maximizing economies of scale The cultures Role Culture – focusses on rules, tasks, procedures and job descriptions Power Culture – power exercised by a one person with not much formal rules; Person Culture – the organisation is present for its members to benefit of; Task/Mission Culture – goal based with rewards for achieving mission and goals; 1.2 Explain how the relationship between an organization’s structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business Organizations are set up in specific ways to accomplish different goals, and the structure of an organization can help or hinder its progress toward accomplishing these goals. There are three main types of organizational structure: functional, divisional and matrix structure Culture consists of the shared values of an organization -the beliefs and norms that affect every aspect of work life, from how people greet each other to how major policy decisions are made Types of culture include: power culture, role culture, person culture and task culture. 1.3 Discuss the factors which influence individual behaviour at work The major factors that influence individual behavioral patterns, according to John Ivancevich and Michael Mattson are: demographic factors, ability and skills, perception, attitudes and personality. Demographic factors includes: race, age, sex, socio economic background, education and so on. The importance of studying demographic factors is to assist managers to choose the most fitting candidate for the specific job. Organizations rather persons belonging to a particular socio-economic background- well educated and young. They are believed to perform better than others. Skills and ability: skill according to Cambridge dictionaries is an ability to do an activity or job well especially because you have practiced it. Ability is the mental or physical power or skills needed to do something. Ability and skills highly influence individual behavior and performance. Persons tend to perform better in an organization if his skills and abilities are matched with the job. It is the manager’s job to match these skills and abilities off the employee to the job. Perception: a thought, belief, or opinion, often held by many people and based on appearances is referred to as perception (cambridge-dictionaries, n.d.). The study of perception is integral for managers as they need to provide a work environment that is favorable, so that the employees perceive them in most favorable way. If employees perceive it in a positive way they are more likely to perform better. Attitude: â€Å"An attitude is ‘a relatively enduring organization of beliefs, feelings, and behavioral tendencies towards socially significant objects, groups, events or symbols’ (Hogg, Vaughan 2005, p. 150).† (McLeod, 2009). Attitude is influenced by family, society, culture, organizational factors and peers. Managers in an organization need to create suitable work environments therefore tempting employees to have positive attitudes towards their respective jobs. If employees have positive attitude toward the job they perform better. Personality: the study of individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving (American Psycological Association, n.d.). Factors that influence personality includes: heredity, family, society, culture and situation. Individuals tend to differ in manner while responding to the organizational environment. The most complex aspect of human beings can be regarded as personality. Conclusion Cultural influences and organisational structures can both inform and constrain the strategic development and ultimately the competitiveness of a business in order to maintain competitive advantage and avoid any strategic drift (where organisational factors and culture drive the business rather than the needs of customers and key stakeholders). Their impact should be considered regularly by leaders and senior managers and they should both be critically reviewed. Reference Works Cited cambridge-dictionaries, n.d. Ability. [Online] [Accessed February 2015]. McLeod, S., 2009. Home †º Social Psychology †º Attitudes. [Online] Available at: http://www.simplypsychology.org/attitudes.html [Accessed February 2015]. Vaid, J., 2012. Organization structure in international business. [Online] Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/jatinmaims/organization-structure-in-international-business [Accessed February 2015]. Appendix Chart showing organizational structure of Casa de Regalo .

Eating Christmas in the Kalahari Essay

In his article â€Å"Eating Christmas in the Kalahari† (1969), Richard Borshay Lee tells of his three years spent living with the !Kung San Bushmen, of some of their customs, of how they celebrated Christmas and of how they dealt with ‘gifts’ or rather his gift to them in particular. Lee explains that the local people thought him a miser because he â€Å"maintained a two-month inventory of canned goods† (p 111) which was in direct contrast to the Bushmen â€Å"who rarely had a day’s supply of food on hand†(p 111), and it appeared he was determined to correct this view. Lee writes that it â€Å"is the Tswana-Herero custom of slaughtering an ox for his Bushmen neighbours as an annual goodwill gesture† (p 111) at Christmas. By purchasing the Christmas ox for the Bushmen’s annual feast himself, Lee hoped that it would be seen as a generous (parting) gesture, a ‘thank you’ for their cooperation – as in Western culture – and perhaps also the catalyst for dispelling their view of him as a miser. Lee appears to want the reader to believe that he was confused about his failure to gain the (expected) appreciation from the Bushmen for his generosity but was instead ridiculed for his choice of ox with sarcastic descriptions such as; â€Å"scrawny† (p 112), â€Å"old wreck†(p 111), â€Å"sack of guts and bones†(p 111), â€Å"old†(p 111), â€Å"thin†(p 111) and â€Å"sick†(p 113). Lee further leads us to believe that his confusion became more profound on Christmas Day when the ox was slaughtered and was found to have a thick layer of fat covering the meat. Although Lee indicates that he felt vindicated in his choice of ox, the derision and sarcasm continued throughout the slaughtering process. Lee writes that he later sought clarification and explanation from several of the local people and was eventually told that the Bushmen’s sarcasm or â€Å"obligatory insults over a kill†(p 114), was their ‘custom’ and was a  mechanism used to prevent hunters from getting an inflated ego and/or seeing themselves as better than anyone else. I have a problem with Lee’s account inasmuch as I find it extremely difficult if not impossible to believe that after spending three years living with and studying the lives, activities and customs of the Bushmen, Lee had never once seen, heard nor heard of this ‘custom’ and I would be loathe to place more than a token amount of faith in the honesty and correctness of this or any other of his writings or observations as a result. That the Bushmen included Lee in their customs and constructed a joke around him at his expense are inclusionary actions that would normally indicate an acceptance into a group and I believe that Lee’s writings were self-serving in that he wanted the reader to believe the Bushmen had thought highly enough of him to include him and treat him as they would one of their own. I also believe that Lee has taken liberties with the translations of a number of conversations with various individuals in order for the reader to have no doubt about what it was that Lee himself wanted to convey. I do not believe that words and terms such as; â€Å"arrogance†(p 114), â€Å"hogging†(p 112), â€Å"nevertheless†(p 114), â€Å"scrawny† (p 112), â€Å"rascal†(p 113), â€Å"braggart†(p 113), â€Å"you have always been square with us† (p 111), â€Å"sack of guts and bones†(p 111), â€Å"old wreck†(p 111), â€Å"I suppose†(p 112), â€Å"feeling as we do†(p 112), â€Å"another one pipes up†(p 113), â€Å"you must respond in kind†(p 114), are part of the native language as Lee would allege in his quotes of conversations with the natives. These quotes are peppered with language that is more attributable to a certain class of native of the UK, not one of the Kalahari. From my reading of Lee’s article, I believe it is nothing more than a poorly veiled attempt to elevate his own importance in the mind of the reader and perhaps even his peers. I feel that Lee has done a huge disservice to not only himself and his own credibility but also to that of the profession of anthropology. What does Lee’s article say about his observational strengths in the field if after three years he fails to note what appears to be a very powerful and meaningful hunting custom? In closing, I admit to agreeing with Lee’s statement â€Å"there are no totally generous acts†(p 114). Every act of gift giving is inextricably attached to an expected or preconceived return or reciprocity either in manner or kind and this may be nothing more than ‘feeling good’. ******************** REFERENCES: Lee, Richard Borshay 1969 â€Å"Eating Christmas in the Kalahari† reprinted in A. Podolefsky and P. Brown (eds.), Applying Cultural Anthropology: an introduction. (1991), Mountainview: Mayfield, pp. 110-114.

A Comparative Analysis Of On Property Owning Democracy

Frederick Olmos Ceja Professor William R. Lund History of Political Philosophy II May 12, 2015 Final Essay Essay Question # 6 Property Owning Democracy: A Comparative Analysis to Marxian Communism John Rawls is an American political philosopher, born and raised in Baltimore, Maryland. His work contributed towards a better understanding of justice as fairness and author of the book that bears the same title. In his manuscript, Justice as Fairness, Rawls introduces a new political philosophy known as property owning democracy. When analyzing his work he descries the tenants of this new political theory. In an effort to understand Rawls vision of a property owning democracy, it is crucial to implement a comparative analysis to contrast Rawls vision with that of Marxian communism. Karl Marx was a German political philosopher who believed that he had created a system of government, which he believes would lead a utopia. 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Metamorphosis Gregor Samsa Character Analysis - 1026 Words

A villain is someone who opposes who opposes the protagonists (Websters). In Franz Kafka’s, Metamorphosis Gregor Samsa’s father’s tendencies and actions enhance the story. As Kafka recounts a story about Gregor who wakes up one morning, not feeling like himself, literally. He wakes up in an entirely different body, no longer does he walk and talk like a man, but rather lives and breathes through the body of a large insect. After all of Gregors, hardships and demonstrated devotion, his father still has the audacity to complain, when his son can no longer work and support the family. Mr. Samsa embodies a villain and this can be seen through his actions and through Kafka’s description of him. Mr. Samsa’s actions enhance the novel, because†¦show more content†¦When his family sees him in his new state there are screams, yells and even violence. His mother and sister continue to see him as a the person he once physically resembled, but over tim e their perception changes and they don’t believe him to be human at all anymore. They resent for what he can no longer do rather than celebrating for all he had done for them as an able bodied human being. The same cannot be said for Mr. Samsa (Kafka). Mr. Samsa is a villain in this novel and it enhances the novel by exemplifying how evil and inconsiderate people can be. Mr. Samsa hasn’t worked since his business failed, leaving him in debt to Gregor’s current employer. In addition, Mr. Samsa seemingly has no aspirations of returning to work, but rather is content to let the entire financial burden rest on the shoulders of his son, who seemingly doesn’t even know. So, even though Gregor has taken on this burden full heartedly without complaint, his father shows no sympathy. Not even when Gregor’s entire world is essentially flipped on it’s side, does his father demonstrate concern for his son’s well being. Rather, he demonstrates concern about how the family would get by with no one to bring in an income (Kafka 6). He is not concerned for the well being of his transformed son, but rather for the financial status of his family. He puts his priorities on display for the reader, to analyze and examine. Kafka isShow MoreRelatedAllegorical Metamorphosis1128 Words   |  5 PagesAllegorical Metamorphosis Metamorphosis is transformation of an insect from an immature form to an adult form. Although this term is ordinarily used in Biology, Franz Kafka uses this term to title his peculiar story. This is a story about a young man named Gregor Samsa, who is a traveling salesman. He is a typical hardworking man trying to pay off debts. However, he wakes up one morning as a human-sized beetle. 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Prevention Of Child Abuse And The Protection Of Children

Policy Summary This policy outlines our commitment to child protection. It includes our protocols when child abuse is reported to us or suspected by us. It also includes notes regarding the safe practices to be taken to prevent child abuse. All staff are expected to be familiar with this policy and to abide by it. Purpose statement We have an obligation to ensure the wellbeing of children and young persons under 17 years of age who are receiving services from any staff member of our organisation. We are committed to the prevention of child abuse and neglect and to the protection of all children. The safety and wellbeing of the child is our top priority when investigating suspected or alleged abuse. We support the roles of the New†¦show more content†¦Ã¢Ë†â€™ Child protection – activities carried out to ensure that children are safe in cases where there is suspected abuse or neglect or are at risk of abuse or neglect. − Designated person for child protection – the manager/supervisor or designated person responsible for providing advice and support to staff where they have a concern about an individual child or who want advice about child protection policy. − Disclosure – information given to a staff member by a child, parent or caregiver or a third party in relation to abuse or neglect. − Child, Youth and Family – the agency responsible for investigating and responding to suspected abuse and neglect and for providing care and protection to children found to be in need. − New Zealand Police – the agency responsible for responding to situations where a child is in immediate danger and for working with Child, Youth and Family in child protection work and investigating cases of abuse or neglect where an offence may have occurred. − Physical abuse – any acts that may result in physical harm of a child or young person. It can be, but is not limited to: bruising, cutting, hitting, beating, biting, burning, causing abrasions, strangulation, suffocation, drowning, poisoning and fabricated or induced illness. − Sexual abuse – any acts that involve forcing or enticing a child to take part in sexual activities, whether or not they are aware of what is happening. Sexual abuse can be, but is not limited to: o Contact abuse:Show MoreRelatedEssay about The Psychology behind Keeping or Losing Parental Rights1124 Words   |  5 Pagesof foster children. It established strict time lines for children to be returned to their parents, or terminate parental rights so children could be adopted. In cases of sexual and chronic physical abuse, the ASFA authorized states to dispense with efforts to reunify the family and move directly to termination of parental rights (Myers, 2006, p. 102). 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By knowing the historyRead MoreThe Center For Disease Control And Prevention And Kaiser Permanente Essay1404 Words   |  6 PagesIn collaboration, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Kaiser Permanente undertook an ongoing research called the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs); which studies the physical, mental and social well-being of children and adults (Jeske and Klas). 17,000 of Kaiser Permanente patients volunteered to participate in this study (Par. 7). These participants were from a middle-class socioeconomic status, college educated with careers, mostly white and has access to decent health care (ParRead MoreAn Analytical Comparison Between England And Florida s Child Protection1619 Words   |  7 Pagesanother part of the world. This assignment will begin by defining child protection. This will lead to an analytical comparison between England and Florida’s child protection approaches, structure of the system and possible practice issues. This will include will include relevant legislation and policies. Following this suggestions on the improvement of provisions and services will be made in accordance to the above findings. Child protection has been chosen for the focus of this assignment as this is a

Google Prediction Markets Free Essays

Part I: Briefly evaluate how Google’s Prediction Markets have worked to date. To what extent have the markets been successful or unsuccessful? 250 When the five Googlers got together to start with this project, their main objective was to launch an internal prediction market and test if crowds would make more accurate predictions than individuals’. To determine if this project was a success or not we need to determine our parameters of success. We will write a custom essay sample on Google Prediction Markets or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreover, we also think that the success will be correlated with the phase of the project. From the case we can see that this project is still going through its first steps, despite the system has been running for seven quarters. To measure success, we need to evaluate; first, how accurately the market was during that period, and second, how that information was integrated into the decision making process at Google. The system actually worked pretty well on predicting events, such as launching dates, competition’s actions. There are some structural constraints for e.g. no money exchanged, lack of participation, lack of diversity, etc. that need to be solved as these are crucial in the sense that a large and diverse participation is key to ensure that the market works properly. Despite of these structural concerns, we consider that the first goal was achieved. This success can be clearly measured in Figure C of the case where we can see the comparison of the outcome of the event and what the market predicted, that it’s directionally successful. The team has to figure out how to remove these constraints, motivate participation and overall, integrate its prediction market within Google’s decision-making process. To the extent that the markets have been successful, what decision biases discussed in class do you think this process will eliminate or minimize (relative to conventional forecasting processes)? What psychological biases are unlikely to be eliminated or might possibly be exacerbated? 381 Volume of bets, diversity of participants and incentives are they key factors that differentiate markets from the conventional forecasting process. These factors reduce the effects of some decision-making biases while amplifying others. Availability of information. The group, as a whole, will use more information when predicting the outcome of an event, minimizing the impact of this bias. Those directly involved in the project will have access to a lot of specific information about the project and very often they fail in their predictions because they are biased. They underestimate or ignore the impact of the information they lack. Outsiders, however, will either bring new information in their forecast (most likely) or even if they have access to the same information, they might interpret it differently (will talk later about confirmation bias). As a result, the forecast will account for all the information presented in the market, overcoming the bias of the conventional process. Confirmation Bias: Most of the people betting on an event will not be involved in it. Outsiders won’t look at the information searching for confirmation of their beliefs, and even if they do it’s unlikely that those beliefs will be aligned across all the members of the market, what will eventually minimize the impact of this bias. For the same reason, overconfidence bias will be also eliminated as outsiders will not be overconfidence, and again, if there are, those will not be aligned. (Reference: Dolores Haze’s assessment of the value of GPM). Likewise persistent of incorrect beliefs will be also eliminated. Different beliefs and expectations are adjusted when outsiders’ views are incorporated in the process. However, there are some biases that will not be eliminated. Those are, Framing the outcome. Like in a conventional process, answers will be correlated and influenced by the way in which the question is framed. However, it’s still possible that this effect will be somehow minimized. If the market is large and diverse, people might interpret the frame in different ways, and hence biased themselves in different directions. Endorsement effect. By default, the decision makers will tend to continue with what they are actually doing (if the market is not diverse enough this bias cannot be corrected, if everyone asked is in Goggle then they might be influenced by this type of bias). Under what conditions are prediction markets most likely to perform relatively well and relatively poorly? 417 Efficient functioning of prediction markets, within the context of a corporation like Google, would depend on the following three aspects: a) Volume of participants: By the nature of market-based decision-making, we would need large and diverse set of participants. Larger participation set will eliminate various biases discussed earlier. Liquidity (ability to trade) will allow participants to calibrate their bets and decisions based on new information. b) Diversity: Diversity of thought, perspective and motives within the participation set is also very important for prediction markets. Google should encourage participation from different geographies, different teams, varied level of seniority and demographics. This will create a market where participants interpret information and signals in different ways so that the collective action normalizes for any bias. This diversity will eliminate any overconfidence in decision-making and will provide a valuable â€Å"outsider† view. The issue of diversity is quite important in closed markets (e.g. Google). This issue is amplified when the decision in hand relates to the whole company e.g. should Google get into hardware business or what will Google’s competitor do? The market as a whole might be overconfident in these situations. Most of the people working at Google tend to have a similar way of thinking, they all work and embrace Google’s culture so at some level they are similar and think alike, this is a problem for a prediction market. c) Alignment of Incentives: Volume and diversity are certainly necessary conditions for proper functioning of markets. However, it’s the intent of participation that would dictate the success. All participants should act rationally and make the best risk-adjusted bets. In corporate settings, issues like team dynamics, chances of promotion, personal relationships etc can come in the way of rational bets. The incentives to participate should not interfere with the actual decision-making. Incentives can be aligned with monetary gains, reputation, accomplishments or other non-monetary rewards. And this alignment should be dictated by how a corporate is planning to use markets. Markets have to strike a balance between confidentiality and transparency. d) Transparency: Finally we think that is really important that the market is transparent and confidential. All of the members need to have the guarantee that their positions are not reveled unless they want to do so. For example if a market opens to determine if a project is going to meet a certain dead line and I think that it will not make it, but the project manager is a friend of mine then I need my position to remain confidential. Part II: How would you use prediction markets to make better decisions at Google? Make sure that you address the risks and challenges of replacing more conventional forecasting processes with prediction markets. Also, discuss how you would modify how prediction markets have been used so far. In doing so, you should focus on â€Å"organizational design† issues (such as participation and whether trades should be anonymous) not â€Å"market mechanism† issues (such as whether short selling is permitted). Note: This analysis should build on but not repeat what was written in Part I. Words: 807 In order to use prediction markets help better decision, Google (or any organization) has to take the following steps: a. Test and prove that markets lead to better decisions within the context of decisions that their managers make b. Facilitate the creation of efficient prediction markets with right incentives c. Educate the decision makers about markets and integrate markets with organization Google should follow a phased approach. Transition Phase: During this phase, Google should set up the markets, encourage participation and rigorously test if prediction markets lead to better decisions. There should be a control sample of managers who are not given access to prediction markets in any way and a test sample who are encouraged to refer to prediction markets (although the final decision would remain in the hands of the manager). The final decisions and the actual result should be tracked. How to cite Google Prediction Markets, Essay examples

Personality Test Psychology - Solution is Just a Click Away

Question: Briefly describe the results of your personality test. Briefly explain your values as they relate to work and family life. Think about your personality and values as they relate to Erikson's stage of Generativity vs. Stagnation as you answer these questions: If you are NOT in the generativity stage yet, do you think your personality and values are predictive of what you will do in that stage of life? Describe your prediction or why you believe your personality and values would not be predictive. Answer: Psychology is a study which involves various aspects related to human mind and behavior. It is a principle where simple evolutions are considered in terms of continuous change of behaviors. Human mind is the main reason for constant interactions within themselves and between people. In this article we would consider various values as they relate to work and family life. There are various values in life which are related to work and life. They help us make planning decisions in terms and career and life where it is critical to take some decisions for personal criteria and success. They can be termed as personal life value priorities and personal job content objectives. Most of the personalities revolve around these aspects and there are various aspects in terms of determining a personality of a person. If I have to evaluate myself on career related life values they could be based on career, life, location, type of job, job satisfaction, family, leadership, personal development, security, wealth and community. In all these aspects I could rate myself an 8 on a scale of 10. These ratings are based on various aspects like Getting deeply involved in understanding myself and work culture Learning and doing challenging things which will help me grow and utilize my talents Spending quality time with my family To earn a great deal of money To be great in terms of expression and authority To live and work with compliance According to Erik Erikson the culture and society take the first place and they conflict with the self - ego and his principles were largely influenced by Freuds theory. As per Eriksons view ego is developed successfully and it revolves crisis which is distinct in its nature. According to him generativity and stagnation are 2 aspects on which all the individuals go through. During the adulthood of a person he establishes his career and they settle down in their relationships and begin their families. Life is a chain of events where the incidents keep happening in a chain and one gives back or pays back to the nature the same way. If he fails to do by being unproductive or due to any reasons his life becomes unproductive and stagnant. Success at this stage will lead to a virtue of care. References Bee, H. L. (1992).The developing child. London: HarperCollins. Erikson, E. H. (1950).Childhood and society. New York: Norton. Erickson, E. (1958).Young man Luther: A study in psychoanalysis and history. New York: Norton. Erikson, E. H. (Ed.). (1963).Youth: Change and challenge. Basic books. Erikson, E. H. (1964).Insight and responsibility. New York: Norton. Erikson, E. H. (1968).Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton. Erikson, E. H., Paul, I. H., Heider, F., Gardner, R. W. (1959).Psychological issues (Vol. 1). International Universities Press. Gross, R. D., Humphreys, P. (1992).Psychology: The science of mind and behaviour. London: Hodder Stoughton. Freud, S. (1923).The ego and the id. SE, 19: 1-66. Personality Test Psychology - Solution is Just a Click Away Question: Write an essay on Personal Development Portfolio? Answer: 1.0 Introduction: Personal development portfolio is considered as a list of core trails, qualities and skills on which intends to focus on your own personal development efforts. Learning new things and developing new skills and abilities are my top priorities. My main aim is to acquire new skills that can help me achieving my goals. It also helps me to look for new opportunities from where I learned and to further develop. I was able to learn the ins and outs of the business and able to complete all the assigned tasks and perform well in different activities. This platform allows me to apply my learning theory in practical work and also helps me to enhance my skills. I also learned the elements of management such as planning, organizing, leading, coordinating and controlling. Primark is a garment firm which mainly focuses on the latest trends of clothing, so it will provide me a huge platform to use my skills to demonstrate the vast segments of products in different global markets. This assignment is going to settle down the planning for the personal development of mine which may help me to attain my confidence and presenting my idea. At the same time, I will narrate the process how to overcome my difficulties. This assignment helps me in identifying the genuine issues related to my ethics and its possible approaches. 2.0 Company introduction: Primark is one of the leading garment industries which started its first store in Dublin in 1969, and today it operates in over 270 stores and spread their work in over nine countries. It mainly focuses on the latest trends and designing of clothing. The company mostly targets the customers under the age of 35 (Barcham, 2011). The companys always follow the thoughts and beliefs of the young generation and tries to design a product that enhances their standard and visibility. The customer is at the heart of their unique business model, which mostly includes design, production, distribution and sales through their vast retail network. 3.0 My job Profile: As a fashion marketing manager, my job mainly focuses on publicizing and increasing awareness of a brand, such as designer labels or department stores. My usual responsibilities are to assist the junior employees with analyzing advertising campaigns and monitoring brand quality. It is also my duty to look over the customers response towards the new product and brand initiatives. Sometimes, I have to oversee a number of subordinate and travel extensively in order to prepare new store openings for branding and marketing new products. My work also get me involve with public relations. The following are some major responsibilities that I undertake: Being a fashion marketing manager, I have to collaborate with the department heads and juniors to plan the latest advertising campaigns, negotiate contracts, market research and oversee the daily activities of the marketing department. I have to look over the consumer and the store demands to reach the sales goals and has to implement the strategies to execute the marketing plan. It is important for me to have a overview of my own work and identify my strengths and weaknesses as a marketing manager. My aim is to maintain the public relations which help the company to grow the business in an extensive way. I aim to acquire the leadership competencies necessary for me to be an effective marketing manager. As am I working in a team, I had to increase the level of my personal interactions with my peers and with the other people. I also review my feedbacks and appraisals given by my superiors and juniors which also help to enhance my work. 4.0 Aim and Objectives: Looking back on my educational experience, I could say that I was able to apply the things that I learned in different areas and scenarios (Ogden, 2010). The basic purpose of my job is to achieve the objectives of the business and aims at earning reasonable profits by satisfying the need of the customers. In the light of statement, I can highlight the objectives which I aim at: To develop my personal marketing skills so that it can let me helping for better understanding of the essential factors. To increase my confidence so that it would enable me to stay good with the position that I am holding in the organisation. To enrich my spoken power so that it may enable me in handling my role as a fashion manager. Smart Goal Objective 1: Specific: To enhance the personal marketing skill Measurable: Enhance skill to a level which will enable better understanding of marketing concepts and other factors of marketing Achievable: This can be achieved by reading academic materials and observing and interacting with my seniors at workplace i.e. through experience. Realistic: gaining new experience and reading materials is very much possible and it can be done with ease. Many tutorials videos are also available. Thus, the goal is realistic Time bound: The personal marketing skills can be enhanced within six months. Objective 2: Specific: to improve on verbal communication skills Measurable: To improve the skill up to that level, that I can effectively communicate and convince my customers Achievable: This objective can be achieved by taking coaching classes and interacting more and more with people. The pronunciation and communication tutorial DVDs can also be used to enhance this skill Realistic: It is possible to achieve this goals using the methods discussed above, thus the goal is very much realistic as it does not set any unrealistic methods to enhance the skill Time bound: This skill can be enhanced within 6 months of rigorous practice and within one year of light and regular practice. 4.1 Analyzing My Objectives as SMART: Being a fashion marketing manager of Primark, I want to enable myself for performing my duties proficiently. My objective in this approach is needed to develop my personal skill in order to assess and execute the better marketing strategy. At the same time, the services and products those are being offered by my company and analyzing the current market competitors is another objective that I intends to manage and attain. Being confident in every stride and by appreciating my power and mental strength, I want to achieve them essentially (Ellwood, 2011). I am quite specific in my target and trying to manage my idealities. This objective of mine is undoubtedly SMART. In this section I am going to delineate this approach analyzing SMART way. Specific: I am quite adamant and convenient to fulfill my dream. I am quite confident to analyze the constraints for this work and at the same time I am intrinsic to remove them. I am specific to achieve my goals and destination. This helps me developing my personal skills. I know I am quite weak in analyzing any typical situation. At the same time, I am not so much effective to take ready decisions which sometimes end at triviality. But being specific to manage my deformities, I am determined that in the coming days I will be able to take the strategy oriented decisions for any specific work. I am confident that I will be able to regain my confidence. It is also intrinsic approach which determines my ideality. Measurable: My activities are going to be judged by my superiors in my office which maintains more ethicality in this approach. For progress of my work, I have to make my fellow and brother employees to be judged (Hinojosa, 2012). I can give this surety that I will enable myself to be calm and confident to analyze any situation and take the right decision. At the same time, understanding of the competitors of the market place is essential ability of mine that needs to be sophistically managed. Measuring my weight to manage my problems and to overcome my disabilities, I have to be quite confident to arrange these approaches. In order to overcome my deformities, I need to be quite intrinsic in my approaches (Jensen, 2013). Assignable: I myself have identified my weaknesses which help in analyzing my credentials and needs. Assignable attributes are quite attractive which helps me managing my personal problems. I am quite responsible of doing this task which may help me in analyzing the necessary approaches. As I myself is responsible of handling all these problems, it creates more facility for me. This approach is quite assignable for me which helps me managing my ethics. At the same time, it seems to be helpful in managing all these aspects. Realistic: The approach of mine is quite realistic which leads me to mange my ethics and contribution for the organization. The plan to achieve my ideality is significant and realistic. It also attempts to be quite proficient in the approaches which may lead me to achieve more position in the realistic world. It appears to be the most significant approach to let me approaches managed quite confidently. Time Related: I want to achieve my skills within a specific time frame which may help me in overcoming the problems that I have within a specific time frame. I want to take over all of my difficulties which may help in managing and revising my personality. At the same time, it is needed to be framed within proper timing as well. 5.0 Planning Stage 1 The most important thing in marketing is the planning stage; we have to plan a strategy before entering into any prospects of business. Marketing is a field where the manager has to develop a suitable plan for the product and demonstrate the product in such way that it would be possible for the consumers to understand the products quality and services (Kruckeberg, Amann and Green, 2011). The planning stage is consisting of six major elements which are as follows: The Objective: Every planning structure requires a proper and specific objective which justifies the task of the management. Being a marketing manager, my main objective is to generate revenue of my organisation and engaging my skills to be applied essentially. The objective that I am specifying, I am quite adamant that I will try my best to attain to achieve my goals. My current objective is to keep myself prepared for any kind of situation that jumps before me so that it can enable me determining what are to be done. At the same time, the objectives enable me to settle down my analytical skill before the employees. Activities Required: Marketing activities like research, advertising, special offers, Leaflets etc. helps to create awareness among the people related to the product. The marketing is very competitive so every time I have to be aggressive to reach the organizational goal the most important thing is to generate enquiries which lead to opportunity for sales. In order to keep myself prepared for any kind of situation, I need to be confident in my approaches and must be ready to handle all the typicality. If needed, I will put myself in difficulties and enable me to learn how to make my nerves strong. Physiological classes are at the same time is needed to be taken up so that it provides me more energy. It is already stated that I feel quite feeble while presenting my thoughts and this is my nervous break down which leads me to suffer a lot. Therefore, my speaking skills are needed to be revised so that I must not become the fun for the others. My technical skills are also needed to be revised which determines my ability in the work. If needed, I have to take up technical classes. A short term course may prove to be quite convenient for me that help in developing my interest and develops my skill. Skills Required: Being a marketing manager the most important skill that required is the Interpersonal and communication skills, which somehow related in the growth of the business. Marketing is a job which required creativity, awareness and most importantly team work. As the marketing department works on a chain of command it do requires an effective team work (Ellwood, 2011). So I always try to motivate my team and myself to do some extra labor to reach the organizational goals. Energy appears to be the most necessary tool that I need to store as much as possible. More focus and concentration are also the essential factors which engage a human being attached to the work. It at the same time is more convenient factor that leads my essence to be developed. I have to be quite professional in my approaches whish leads me engaging better cohesion. Therefore, along with energy and concentration, my physical and mental strength is also needed to be provident and high. Resources Required: The most important resources that required for me is my ethics. If I can channelize my energy for the betterment of the organisation, I can assure that I will be able to perform my tasks significantly. At the same time, my energy on developing my essence is also essential factor which is needed to be put into form. Later on the requirements are the equipments and tools that are necessary to demonstrate the product and finance that is very much necessary for executing any marketing strategies which is the bigger value of mine to be performed in my work place (Pelias, 2011). Time management is also required because every planning has to be developing in time to be an efficient marketing strategy. Criteria for success: The main criteria for success is to do hard work and implement latest and technological marketing strategies to attract consumers towards the product. I have also tried to make a strong reputation of the company which helps for sustainable growth in the future. To achieve the organizational goal I have to follow the latest technological trends and social media to know the beliefs and buying behavior of the consumers. Planned Evidence: Though I was working as a marketing manager, I am very much preparing for the future challenges. As our company is planning to launch the latest summer collection and my job is to plan a marketing strategy to promote the products. I have overcome on difficulties that I have later faced in my meetings and presentations. From now my main motive is to implement such a strategy that increases awareness and sales of the product. I have taken this as one of my challenges of life. Although I have tried my best to overcome the difficulties, in all the approaches I may not seem to stand successful. But this really is an experience which let my future ways to be smoother. 6.0 Planning Stage 2 Skills Developed: Being a marketing manager, I have developed my interpersonal and communication skill, presentation skill, research skill etc. Though the process of learning and developing is never going to end I am keep on trying to improve my level best. As working as a team player, I have learned so much about the team management and team effort. Managing time is also one of the skills that I developed in this work as I have to complete and deliver a task in a given time. My research skills are much more develop and now I know where the target market exists and how to relate the product with the given factors of the research. This skill allows me to do a consistent work in a sustainable manner. Evidence submitted The problems faced by organization employees were regarding communication, performance and other. To overcome the problem as a manager in Primark, I adopted several methods and strategies. These methods helped in many regards, for example, in motivating the employees and others. The main evidence regarding the problem were as, employees coordination with each other and performance. For example, the team of four members were facing problem regarding the work and organizational culture. Later on by adopting the new motivational techniques and methods for changing the work environment, helped in improving the condition of Primark. On the other hand, it was also noticed that, employees performance was also improving slowly. In addition to this, it also helped in increasing the number of customers. I am quite strategical in my nature which leads me attain more genuineness that helps me managing better cohesion for the further development of my life. My main role is related to public relation and advertising of the company products and services. So use of proper communication channel is very important in this field. On the other hand, as a fashion marketing manager, I noticed that employee and customer relation was also poor. The main reason behind this was poor communication channel and others. On the other hand, poor planning regarding marketing and advertising also affected communication. The major method I adopted regarding this problem was planning of each process at initial stage. And analysis of each process outcome, for example, marketing and distribution process outcome analysis. This analysis process helped me in knowing the gap between different processes. On the other hand, the evidence which I collected in this regard was as, the change in customer view for Primark product and services. And it also helped in increasing the market share. Achievement As a fashion marketing manager, it was very important for me to work on several problems and issues faced by employees and customers. The main improvement was done by me in working environment and style. I started adopting new strategies and methods for motivating my employees and customers. In case of customers, I changed my marketing and advertising strategies. Change in marketing and advertising strategies was done taking into consideration our customers and market. Every market is having their own requirement and demand regarding product and services. These strategies helped me in increasing the number of customers and improving the brand image. As the brand image in market is related to market share of product and services. So, I as a fashion marketing manager changed in-house strategies also. That is, working style, environment, wages and others. It helped in motivating employees regarding their work performance and others. Company overall performance is dependent on their empl oyees performance. New strategies and techniques helped in improving employees performance and trust towards the organization. On the other hand, the innovation in product and services in fashion field helped me to attract more number of customers. The changes in product and services were made as per the customer and market requirement. So, it also helped in increasing market share. The main achievement was regarding market share and increase in customer numbers. This achievement also helped in improving public relation of the Primark. Critical Appraisal: Throughout this report I have mentioned how to develop my personal qualities within an organizational framework. I have managed in stating what are the necessary attributes needed to be used for the development of my personal ethical approaches. I have tried my best to achieve success onto all of my difficulties and problems. The aim of my personal development is to develop my ethicality and personal attributes which may help me in sustaining more ethicality in this matter. It seems to be quite intrinsic for me to analyze my ideality and overcome the barriers of my life. At the same time, it seems to be helpful for attaining the SMART objectives as well. This specific quality development in me is helpful that may enable me to manage my ethics and conquer all the difficulties. This may not seem to be very easy for me but I am quite confident in achieving my deformities. Development and conquering my approaches is needed to be essentially managed. Reference List: Barcham, L. (2011).Personal development for learning disability workers. Exeter: Learning Matters. Beausaert, S., Segers, M. and Gijselaers, W. (2011). The Personal Development Plan Practice Questionnaire: the development and validation of an instrument to assess the employee's perception of personal development plan practice.International Journal of Training and Development, 15(4), pp.249-270. Burn, G. (2012).Personal development all-in-one for dummies. Chichester: Wiley. Druce, H. (2003). Stay on course to meet your personal development plan.Early Years Educator, 5(6), p.ii-viii. Eggert, M. (2012).Brilliant personal development. Harlow: Prentice Hall. Ellwood, F. (2011). Understanding the importance of a personal development plan.Dental Nursing, 7(3), pp.160-163. Ellwood, F. (2011). Understanding the importance of a personal development plan.Dental Nursing, 7(3), pp.160-163. ERITREA: 2012 Development Plan. (2012).Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series, 48(12), pp.19370B-19371A. Grainger, A. (2014). Your personal development plan.Br J Healthcare Assistants, 8(1), pp.6-6. Hinojosa, J. (2012). Personal Strategic Plan Development: Getting Ready for Changes in Our Professional and Personal Lives.American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 66(3), pp.e34-e38. Hinojosa, J. (2012). Personal Strategic Plan Development: Getting Ready for Changes in Our Professional and Personal Lives.American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 66(3), pp.e34-e38. Jensen, D. (2013). Your Personal Marketing Plan.Science. Kruckeberg, K., Amann, W. and Green, M. (2011).Leadership and personal development. Charlotte, N.C.: Information Age Pub. Leonard, A. (2012). Learning Development: Hatching a plan.Nursery World, 2012(2). Ogden, B. (2010).IBM System z personal development tool. [Poughkeepsie, N.Y.]: IBM, International Technical Support Organization. Pelias, R. (2011).Leaning. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press. Tucker, F., Duncan, A. and Davis, L. (2011). Investing in yourself: personal development planning in practice.Planet, (24), pp.10-13. Tucker, F., Duncan, A. and Davis, L. (2011). Investing in yourself: personal development planning in practice.Planet, (24), pp.10-13.